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Green Nature

Hootin' and Hollerin': An Examination of the Value of Appalachian Culture

The Appalachian mountains, which stretches from Newfoundland to Alabama, creates one of the most overlooked regions in America: Appalachia. When people think about this area, stereotypes such as the term “hillbilly” or “inbred” come to mind. Movies, shows, and magazines have displayed the area in a negative light, but the people who live or were raised there disagree full-heartedly with outside accusations. This place under the dark clouds of the media has a shining sun that connects everyone; a culture and sense of home that can’t be broken.

Five Questions to Examine

1. What is Appalachia

2. How has Hollywood wrongly depicted Appalachian Societies? 

3. What are Stereotypes and How has it Influenced the Term Hillbilly

4. Who are the People of Appalachia, and What is their Story?

5. What exactly is Appalachian Culture?

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Biography

Hello, my name is Boston. I will be attending West Virginia University next year. I chose the topic at hand because I was born in the region and I also have a large amount of family from the area. I chose this thesis because it hits very close to home literally and figuratively.

Green Forest
In the Wilderness

Informative Speech

What do you think when you hear the word Appalachia? Most people will either make the common misconception that they are inbred, backward, or underdeveloped, but there is much more to the so-called “hillbillies” than the world thinks. Appalachia is one of the poorest regions in America, but it never receives the press or attention from mainstream media that it deserves. It has its own culture, lifestyle, traditions, and beliefs that may seem outrageous to outsiders like ourselves, but it is everyday life to them. From Georgia to Maine, this mountain range holds a wide variety of tragedies and hardships but also contains a robust supporting community. I hope to give you all a sense of backwoods societies, not as Hollywood depicts them, but the real everyday life of an Appalachian. 

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It is hard to put a concrete definition of what the culture of Appalachia is, but many pieces may attempt to fit the script. The Appalachians come from a Scot-Irish and german background that created the diverse society they strive in. As the years progressed, they became so infatuated with societal trading that they never branched out into the commerce of the national market. This soon created hardships that left many people poor and struggling. As William Hilly states, “this culture is based on subsistence agriculture and hunting, not on industrial class-structured ways of existence. Two key characteristics of the culture of Appalachia are the independence displayed and the constant mutual aid provided to others in the region.” The culture never expanded past the mountain range, and for what reason? The people of Appalachia love to hunt and farm - hunt and farm for a living.

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Even though many of us believe that to be successful, you have to make connections with others in the world; they live a life of seclusion. Causing them to face hardship, but “hardship was offset by the benefits of communal support, strong kinship networks, and particularly, economic independence.” By saying this, novelist Ronald Lewis implies that many economic struggles stemmed from isolation, but the truth is, this was just the start of their problems. When isolated, it is difficult to live a life of pure ecstasy until it becomes easy. 

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A simple solution to happiness is hard to find; that is where drugs play a prominent role. While they took the drugs, the drugs took them over, and as Lara Moody states, “currently, West Virginia has the highest rate of drug overdoses in the country, with an age-adjusted rate of 35.5 overdoses per 100,000 inhabitants compared to a national average of 14.7 per 100,000 persons” she provides devastating evidence. As these rates are extremely high today, they will only continue to increase. In personal experience, many of the families surrounding me in my neighborhood were part of this drug rate. Different drugs have caused many small towns throughout Appalachia to become heavily run down and deprived of income. 

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Although these drug usage patterns, poverty, and persistence of staying isolated from the outside world may give the impression that these people are out of hope, you thought wrong. Through doubts and judgment, they have a relationship with God, morals, tradition, and good food that can never break the situation. 

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Backwoods is a name given to a society people don’t understand and are unwilling to discover for themselves. Although isolation causes specific problems like drugs, decline, and decrease in economics, no money is involved in a society that does not revolve around price tags. 

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As this speech ends, I hope you all have learned what life is like in Appalachia and what it means to be a hillbilly. Even though many of the people here may never walk into a torn-down town and interact with the locals, hopefully, you all have learned something about how different cultures act. And as many of you think, the word culture is a bit extreme; there is a distinctly different culture of beliefs and people in our backyards. This mountain range holds a more diverse group of people than we are used to seeing, but sometimes differences are just what we need to experience to understand others fully. 














 

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Bibliography

Hilly, William. “Appalachian Culture.” HOME, 8 May 2015, Accessed Sept. 18, 2022.

 

Lewis, Ronald L. Back Talk from Appalachia: Confronting Stereotypes, by Dwight B. Billings, The University Press of Kentucky, 2013, pp. 19-36.


Moody, Lara, et al. “Substance Use in Rural Central Appalachia: Current Status and Treatment Considerations.” Rural Mental Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Apr. 2017, Accessed Sept. 18, 2022.

Green Hills

Persuasive Essay

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"How could a bunch of hillbillies buy a mansion like this?" The viewer hears this on the television as they turn on the first episode of The Beverly Hillbillies (Alberts). The camera soon turns to show the ragged and rugged people in front of their beautiful new home. As the gate opens to let them in, their four-seater makeshift buggy barely makes it to the house. The camera soon cuts away to show the old wooden shack they lived in before they struck money. Soon these people start settling in their new home, and they are met with "real world" realities: fitting in with society; as the show portrays, they do not meet the standards. This show started a string of later movies to follow the stereotype portrayed in this television series. Once this show became a hit in the public eye, directors wanted to step up the production of wrongly depicting Appalachian societies. They took it a step over the line when they no longer showed them as clueless but as dangerous. 

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As shows and films depicting people of Appalachia progressed, they only created a worsening image of who they were as a group. As movies moved from the 1972 premiere of Deliverance to the 2003 premiere of Wrong Turn, they only created a giant hole to climb out of when it came to the image of the Appalachians. As Hollywood has depicted other stereotypes, this specific one has stuck and is not leaving. The negative Appalachian stereotype has been seen worldwide in multiple movies and shows. This representation is inaccurate and deeply affects that region's culture and people. 

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The societies of Appalachia are located along the Appalachian mountains that span through Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, and all of West Virginia. Even though the scenery is beautiful, it is one of the poorest regions in all of America. There is also a high rate of addiction and usage of drugs. Because of the extremity of these problems, Hollywood has been able to portray the region's people in a bad light. But what movie connoisseurs do not see is the reality of life away from the screen. As films are made, Hollywood keeps making the existing stereotype even more prominent as they use all of the insulting aspects of Appalachian life more noticeably. Ultimately,'" Appalachians in the movies are often portrayed as being morally and sexually depraved, lawless and violent—all of which shows the region as a fantasy'" (Porter). The films Deliverance and Wrong Turn are prime examples of this misguided representation.

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A canoeing trip is nothing short of a great time, but suddenly, as you look up, a deformed boy playing ominous banjo music appears on a bridge; this can make a smile fade as you travel further down a river toward a rugged southern Appalachian region. In the 1972 film Deliverance, directed by John Boorman, a group of friends led by Burt Reynolds float down the Cahulawassee River, where they encounter people who turn their trip into a nightmare. A group of depraved and diabolic degenerates, who happen to be from the Appalachian region, set their sights on this group of city boys who are not familiar with their surroundings. This leads to a series of unfortunate events that leave the "degenerates" as the villains in the situation. The tourists are captured from their tents at night, their bones are broken, and they roll down hills to escape from the crazy crowd out to get them. 

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Towards the end of this award-winning film, they are finally captured by their predecessors. The scene depicts how savage these unmannered beasts are as they rape one of the men in the canoeing group. The degenerate tells the man to bend over and squeal like a pig as he forces himself onto the helpless city boy. The depiction of this inbred caused crowds to believe that people from Appalachia fit the script, and after this film, many quotes and lines became famous for their vulgar content. The lines are frequently used, especially around people who reside in the region of the movie, even though many inhabitants of Appalachia have never experienced something of that intensity. 

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The unrelenting stereotype of degeneracy follows the Appalachians everywhere. For instance, Megan House described an experience where she walked through a store, and when the cashier heard her distinct country accent, there was a sudden urge for the young lady behind the counter to say, "you sure do have a purdy mouth" in an innocent joking way. And to no one's surprise, she was paraphrasing a famous line from Deliverance uttered by a nasty, toothless mountain man as he prepares to rape a city-slicker tourist (House). Some quotes never leave the minds of people who watch movies, and this one is easily remembered, especially if that gruesome scene has ever graced their eyes. As the cashier makes a somewhat harmless joke, the stereotype of an Appalachian remains instilled within her. As she continued her shopping, House realized that in the mind of the cashier, she was clearly from Appalachia because her voice sounded like the antagonist who was "violent, stupid, subhuman products of inbreeding. She didn't even have enough respect for us to say any of this under her breath" (House). 

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As these events transpired, nothing could be done to help their cause because they talk and have a unique accent, just like the people in Deliverance, so they had to be just like the mountain men from the movie. Depraved, brutal, and deviant is the stereotype that the Appalachians face when people judge them from the outside. In cases like this, it shows how "people all over the world think they know something about Appalachia because they've seen 'Deliverance,'" and they are mistaken because they only see how Hollywood depicts them (House). There is nothing to help these people from the criticisms they have faced their whole lives, but another movie about thirty years later came out. It was a blockbuster about Appalachia, but it took an unsuspecting turn. 

A turn for the worst was taken as a group of young friends became stranded in the big and beautiful West Virginia, but nothing was beautiful about their situation. The 2003 production Wrong Turn, directed by Rob Schmidt, portrays the natives of the land as cannibalistic creatures who hunt and eat their prey all in their territory. The young group of kids headed by Eliza Dushku crashed their car driving down a remote mountain and soon became hunted. Much like how they hunt animals with traps and bows, they hunt people who seem to be their next meal. Living in a run-down shack with more than fifty cars from their prior "visitors," the cannibals attempted to round up the outsiders in their run-down house. These cannibalistic creatures had grimacing smiles, sharp teeth, matted hair, and torn-up skin. Once again, producers used the stereotyped inbred mountain men to portray them as villains. The movie was a success, but only at the box office. This production never sparked controversy amongst the viewers because it was just another movie about people audiences think they know. But, "when it premiered last month, Eli Roth's film The Green Inferno, about a group of social justice activists who are eaten alive by an Amazonian rainforest tribe, was met with boycotts and much controversy. Yet none of the many Appalachian-exploitation films have received any organized protest" (House). 

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As the films progressed, the stereotypical Appalachian became so overlooked that it was almost normal for people to look at these movies without raising a question on whether or not the storyline was somewhat relevant to the people the producers were portraying. Oblivious to the fact that these movies are incredibly dehumanizing to the people being displayed, it has become generally accepted that these movies are just another example of Appalachian culture. They are wrong in many ways because the people of the mountains are just ordinary people who do their day-to-day chores. They may be different, but their work and morals are all the same as ours. The outcry is invisible for the people of Appalachia, though, because they are impoverished, they are portrayed as powerless, "that's certainly always been the case with the film" (House). There is no pushback regarding the world of Appalachia being slandered because it implies that it is already impoverished. "What Appalachia needs is not another book, but an entirely new story to tell about itself. In popular culture, if Appalachia gets depicted at all, it's in a negative way. Think 'Deliverance'" ("Appalachia Doesn't Need"). As people think about Appalachia, their mind delivers them straight into the world of Deliverance simply because they are uneducated about the region. There are few positives, and movies like Deliverance will never show them, such as portraying the natives as debauched, dissolute, or dishonest. These movies portray every aspect of Appalachian culture in a negative light, but there is more to the complex people than the outside world may think.

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These two movies forever impacted the Appalachian stereotype, but there is more to the region that others should know. Hollywood made villains out of regular people and, in doing this, created a monster with "overused stereotypes about Appalachian work ethic, addiction and general 'backwardness'" (Knudsen). Around the world, the stereotype of Appalachia has been seen, but only in a negative light. There is no connection between what is seen on screen and what happens in the mountains: instead, more movies created a lie that stuck with audiences forever. Because of these poor depictions, an accent or uneven smile from country folk will always be noticed. There is nothing that can be done to get rid of a stereotype in a short amount of time, but the image of the beautiful region of Appalachia can be swayed towards something better than it is. Hollywood has done no justice and never will, but a stereotype can only be debunked if seen in person. If a wrong turn is made along a road trip, rest and look outside at the beauty of nature. The scariest sight may be a southern grandma with a sweet tea jug.

Bibliography

Alberts, Savanah. “WVU Research: Hootin' and Hollerin': The Portrayal of Appalachians in Popular Media.” WVU Research | West Virginia University, West Virginia University, 9 July 2021.

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“Appalachia Doesn't Need Yet Another Hollywood Insult.” AP NEWS, Associated Press, 4 May 2019.

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House, Silas. “Deliver Me from ‘Deliverance’: Finally, a Hollywood Movie Gets Appalachian People Right.” Salon, Salon.com, 28 Oct. 2015.

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Knudsen, Anastasia. “‘Hillbilly Elegy' Regurgitates Tired Stereotypes of Appalachia.” The Emory Wheel, A&E, 19 Dec. 2020.

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Porter, Tom. “Portraying Appalachia: How the Movies Can Get It Wrong.” News, Bowdoin, 9 June 2017, Accessed Sept. 18, 2022.

House in the Woods

Lesson Plan

Objectives:

 

  1. Students will be able to tell the difference between a “good” and “bad” stereotype.

  2. Students will be able to differentiate the preconceived image of a “hillbilly” and a true “hillbilly.”

  3. Students will be able to understand the stigma that goes along with the word “hillbilly.”

 

Lesson:

 

  1. What is a stereotype? (Hook)  - 4 mins.

    1. Ask for class opinions by raising hands and sharing.

    2. Give the definition and examples of some stereotypes after students are done sharing.

      1. All cops are racist, some sports belong to different races, people are weird based on their looks, etc.

 

  1. How stereotypes have a negative effect on groups of people even when they could be perceived as “good?” (Introduction) Source: (Burkeman, Oliver. “Why Stereotypes Are Bad Even When They're 'Good.'”) - 3 mins.

    1. Even though many people believe that stereotypes are degrading, there are attempts to alleviate some tension. When this happens though, it shows that “we're less good when it comes to ‘positive’ stereotypes: the idea that black people are just naturally better at sports, say, or that women are more in touch with their emotions. These don't seem so pernicious, since their content, after all, is complimentary” (Burkeman).

    2. Stereotypes have played a significant role in how populations perceive different races, cultures, and people. This has been an ongoing occurrence ever since the creation of the “United” States of America. 

    3. Stereotypes do not just remain in one area of shaming a group of people, it goes to extremes of racism, sexism, and permanent labels that can never be peeled off.

    4. Many people don’t realize the stereotypes they project out of themselves towards others until they are stood up against by the exact group they had been chasitizing. For instance, “University of Texas law professor Lino Graglia, an opponent of affirmative action, speculating about ‘cultures of failure’ in black and Hispanic households. Is there any, you know, evidence for his argument? He's fairly upfront about admitting that he doesn't know. It's a stereotype: that's how they work” (Burkeman).

    5. Propaganda and films have a large impact on what audiences believe to be the truth as well. There is nothing worse than the internet to describe what people should be or what they should be doing. For example, a study was conducted with test subjects at random, and they all chose the degrading stereotypes of African Americans because of what they had seen.

    6. All races are subject to stereotypes

      1. Mainly the populations of African Americans, Asians, or Hispanics

      2. The one that is mainly forgotten about is the white population because they are normally the instigators

 

  1. What are the largest stereotyped populations? (Lecture) Source: (Green, Laura. “Negative Racial Stereotypes and Their Effect on Attitudes toward African-Americans.”) - 3 mins

    1. “The stereotyping of African-Americans was brought to the theatrical stage with the advent of the blackface minstrel. Beginning in the early 19th century, white performers darkened their faces” (Green)

    2. Movies and bad propaganda spurred a significantly overwhelming image of the “violent, brutish African-American male and the dominant, lazy African-American female - the Welfare Mother” (Green).

    3. Since the spark of their stereotyping, they have been brought down even further because of the raised crime rates in predominantly black neighborhoods.

    4. Many black people are seen in a bad light because of their damaging reputations, but many people don’t understand who they are or what they go through because they are not in their shoes.

 

  1. What is a hillbilly and what kind of stigma does it create? (Lecture) Source: (Billings, Dwight B., et al. Back Talk from Appalachia: Confronting Stereotypes.) (Harkins, Anthony. Hillbilly: A Cultural History of an American Icon.)- 6 mins

    1. “In its many manifestations, ‘hillbilly’ has been used in national media representations and by thousands of Americans within and outside the southern mountains to both uphold and challenge the dominant trends of twentieth-century American life -- urbanization, the growing centrality of technology, and the resulting routinization of American life” (Harkins 4). 

      1. This image of the backwood Appalachian man has found itself becoming a demeaning term because modern society does not want to accept the fact that these people do not want to fall into the life of technology. 

    2. “Inundated by stereotypical portrayals of shiftless, drunken, promiscuous, and bare-footed people, living in blissful squalor beyond the reach of civilization, many Americans outside the southern mountains came to see little or no difference between the ‘real’ southern mountaineers and their cultural image” (Harkins 4).

      1. This created a stigma that whenever someone came into contact with a southern accent, then they immediately assumed that they came from the backwards world of the backwoods where the people are all inbred and depraved. This is more common than most people think because no one understands the “real” people behind the name.

    3. “Because the hillbilly image/identity has always been a site of contending attitudes towards modernity, it has occupied a mythical far more than a concrete geographic locale” (Hankins 5).

    4. Now, the people of Appalchia get overlooked in their attempt to speak out against the false accusations made against them because the media and film has taken the words right out of their mouths before they could utter a word.

 

  1. What is the image of hillbilly to you now? - 5 min

    1. What are your opinions on stereotypes now?

    2. What were your thoughts of a hillbilly before the presentaton? Why?

    3. Have you ever met a hillbilly?

    4. Have you ever been to Appalachia and interacted with any of the people?

    5. Do you feel as though this stereotype is pushed under the doormat because other groups in society receive more attention? Why?

    6. What have you learned today that will stick with you? Why?

 

Materials:

 

  • Google Slide presentation

  • Note Cards

Bibliography

Billings, Dwight B., et al. Back Talk from Appalachia: Confronting Stereotypes. The University Press of Kentucky, 2013, Accessed Sept. 18, 2022.

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Burkeman, Oliver. “Why Stereotypes Are Bad Even When They're 'Good.'” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 12 Dec. 2012, Accessed Jan. 18, 2023.

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Green, Laura. “Negative Racial Stereotypes and Their Effect on Attitudes toward African-Americans.” Ferris State University, Virginia Commonwealth University, 2022. Accessed Jan. 18, 2023.

Powerpoint Presentation

Forest Road

Documentary Film

Description

In my film I interviewed both of my parents who are natives to the Appalachian region. Since they have many experiences while growing up and also just living there, I thought it would be helpful for me to examine the area through their eyes. I dug in depth to figure out who the people were and the kind of culture they have. The main takeaway I received from these interviews was that the people have a sense of family and an amazing environment that surrounds them all. 

Forest Road

Magazine

Front Page of Magazine

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Description

In this magazine I attempted to further examine Appalachian culture by showing the food, people, and music that makes them unique. 

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